class Perceptron(object):
 
    def __init__(self, weights=None, threshold=0.5):
        self.threshold = threshold
        self.weights = weights
        self.verbose = False
 
    def output(self, input_vector):
        if self._total(input_vector) < self.threshold:
            return 0
        else:
            return 1
 
    def train(self, training_set, alpha=0.1, end_after=100):
        if self.weights is None:
            self.weights = [0 for _ in range(len(training_set.keys()[0]))]
        n = 0
        updated = True
        while(updated):
            n += 1
            updated = False
            for xv, t in training_set.items():
                y = self.output(xv)
                if(y != t):
                    self._update_weights(alpha, t, y, xv)
                    self._update_threshold(alpha, t, y)
                    updated = True
            if end_after is not None and n >= end_after:
                break
        return n
 
    def test(self, training_set):
        for xv, t in training_set.items():
            if(self.output(xv) != t):
                return False
        return True
 
    def _total(self, input_vector):
        total = 0
        for w,x in zip(self.weights, input_vector):
            total += (w * x)
        return total
 
    def _update_weights(self, alpha, t, y, xv):
        for i in range(len(self.weights)):
            self.weights[i] = (alpha * (t - y) * xv[i]) + self.weights[i]
 
    def _update_threshold(self, alpha, t, y):
        self.threshold = (alpha * (t - y) * -1) + self.threshold

nand_set = {
  (0,0): 1,
  (0,1): 1,
  (1,0): 1,
  (1,1): 0
  }
 
nn = Perceptron()
iterations = nn.train(nand_set, alpha=.2) # alpha is the learning rate
print "Trained in {0} iterations.".format(iterations)
print "Correct?", nn.test(nand_set)
print "Weights: {0}, Threshold: {1}".format(nn.weights, nn.threshold)

Trained in 9 iterations.
Correct? True
Weights: [-0.40000000000000002, -0.20000000000000001], Threshold: -0.5

nand_perceptron = Perceptron((-0.4, -0.2), -0.5)
print "Correct?", nand_perceptron.test(nand_set)

Correct? True

import asynchat
import socket
import ssl
import errno
 
class async_chat_ssl(asynchat.async_chat):
    """ Asynchronous connection with SSL support. """
 
    def connect(self, host, use_ssl=False):
        self.use_ssl = use_ssl
        if use_ssl:
            self.send = self._ssl_send
            self.recv = self._ssl_recv
        asynchat.async_chat.connect(self, host)
 
    def handle_connect(self):
        """ Initializes SSL support after the connection has been made. """
        if self.use_ssl:
            self.ssl = ssl.wrap_socket(self.socket)
            self.set_socket(self.ssl)
 
    def _ssl_send(self, data):
        """ Replacement for self.send() during SSL connections. """
        try:
            result = self.write(data)
            return result
        except ssl.SSLError, why:
            if why[0] in (asyncore.EWOULDBLOCK, errno.ESRCH):
                return 0
            else:
                raise ssl.SSLError, why
            return 0
 
    def _ssl_recv(self, buffer_size):
        """ Replacement for self.recv() during SSL connections. """
        try:
            data = self.read(buffer_size)
            if not data:
                self.handle_close()
                return ''
            return data
        except ssl.SSLError, why:
            if why[0] in (asyncore.ECONNRESET, asyncore.ENOTCONN, 
                          asyncore.ESHUTDOWN):
                self.handle_close()
                return ''
            elif why[0] == errno.ENOENT:
                # Required in order to keep it non-blocking
                return ''
            else:
                raise

connect(host, use_ssl=True)

import collections
import random
 
 
class DynamicDie(collections.defaultdict):
 
    def __init__(self):
        collections.defaultdict.__init__(self, int)
 
    def add_side(self, side):
        self[side] += 1
 
    def total_sides(self):
        return sum(self.values())
 
    def roll(self):
        random_num = random.randint(0, self.total_sides())
        total_pos = 0
        for side, qty in self.items():
            total_pos += qty
            if random_num <= total_pos:
                return side
 
 
class MarkovChain(collections.defaultdict):
    """ Yet another markov chain implementation.
        This one differs in the sense that it is able to better support
        huge amounts of data since the weighted randomization doesn't rely
        on duplicates.
    """
 
    # Sentinals 
    # Discussion here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1677726
    class START(object):pass
    class END(object):pass
 
    def __init__(self):
        collections.defaultdict.__init__(self, DynamicDie)
 
    def add(self, iterable):
        """ Insert an iterable (pattern) item into the markov chain.
            The order of the pattern will define more of the chain.
        """
        item1 = item2 = MarkovChain.START
        for item3 in iterable:
            self[(item1, item2)].add_side(item3)
            item1 = item2
            item2 = item3
        self[(item1, item2)].add_side(MarkovChain.END)
 
    def random_output(self, max=100):
        """ Generate a list of elements from the markov chain.
            The `max` value is in place in order to prevent excessive iteration.
        """
        output = []
        item1 = item2 = MarkovChain.START
        for i in range(max-2):
            item3 = self[(item1, item2)].roll()
            if item3 is MarkovChain.END:
                break
            output.append(item3)
            item1 = item2
            item2 = item3
        return output

import markov
chain = markov.MarkovChain()
 
# Load the dictionary into the markov chain
dictionary = "/usr/share/dict/words"
for word in open(dictionary):
    word = word.strip()
    if word != "" and not word.endswith("'s"):
        chain.add(word)
 
# Let's generate 10 random pseudowords
for i in range(10):
    print "".join(chain.random_output())

import time
 
def send_to_future(message, seconds):
    time.sleep(seconds)
    return message

import random
 
vowels = ["a", "e", "i", "o", "u"]
consonants = ['b', 'c', 'd', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'p', 'q', 
              'r', 's', 't', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
 
def _vowel():
    return random.choice(vowels)
 
def _consonant():
    return random.choice(consonants)
 
def _cv():
    return _consonant() + _vowel()
 
def _cvc():
    return _cv() + _consonant()
 
def _syllable():
    return random.choice([_vowel, _cv, _cvc])()
 
def create_fake_word():
    """ This function generates a fake word by creating between two and three
        random syllables and then joining them together.
    """
    syllables = []
    for x in range(random.randint(2,3)):
        syllables.append(_syllable())
    return "".join(syllables)
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    print create_fake_word()

hojocina
eliphaa
deaketyed
ciboa
tiuzi

# pluginmanager.py
from collections import defaultdict
 
 
plugins = defaultdict(list)
def register(*events):
    """ This decorator is to be used for registering a function as a plugin for
        a specific event or list of events. 
    """
    def registered_plugin(funct):
        for event in events:
            plugins[event].append(funct)
        return funct
    return registered_plugin
 
 
def trigger_event(event, *args, **kwargs):
    """ Call this function to trigger an event. It will run any plugins that
        have registered themselves to the event. Any additional arguments or
        keyword arguments you pass in will be passed to the plugins.
    """
    for plugin in plugins[event]:
        plugin(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
def load_plugins(config_file):
    """ This reads a config file of a list of plugins to load. It ignores
        empty lines or lines beginning with a hash mark (#). It is so plugin
        imports are more dynamic and you don't need to continue appending
        import statements to the top of a file.
    """
    with open(config_file, "r") as fh:
        for line in fh:
            line = line.strip()
            if line.startswith("#") or line == "":
                continue
            __import__(line,  globals(), locals(), [], -1)

import pluginmanager
 
@pluginmanager.register("FOO_ACTIVE")
def print_data(*args, **kwargs):
    if "data" in kwargs:
        print "Received the following: %s" % kwargs["data"]
    else:
        print "Didn't receive any data."

# Blank lines and lines starting with a hash (#) are ignored.
# So be as verbose as you want.
plugins.example

import pluginmanager
pluginmanager.load_plugins("plugins.list") # load any plugins in the list
 
# ... code ...
 
# The FOO_ACTIVE event occurs somewhere
pluginmanager.trigger_event("FOO_ACTIVE", 
                            data="this data is sent to the plugin", 
                            foo="so is this")
 
# ... code ...

def is_valid_password(password, min_length=6):
    return len(password) >= min_length